Dual lever ratio brake activating apparatus

ABSTRACT

A brake-activating apparatus, allowing a dual lever ratio for applying a force from the brake pedal to a valve-operating rod of a power booster which communicates with the master cylinder. A brake-activating lever arm is pivotally secured to a vehicle. A pivot pin carrying a first force transmitting member is located at a fixed distance from the end of the lever arm. A yoke member, attached to the lever arm at a different fixed distance from the end, is connected to a vacuum chamber housing. A diaphragm contained within the vacuum chamber is secured to a second force transmitting member. The valve-operating rod for a power booster communicating with the master cylinder has a bored chamber to receive the first transmitting member and a U-shaped member surrounding the chamber to secure the second transmitting member. When the brake lever is moved, the applied force is transmitted through the yoke and second transmitting member as long as the pressure differential retains the diaphragm member in a fixed position. If the diaphragm member is free to move, the first transmitting member contacts the end of the bored chamber and transfers the applied force from the lever arm, at a different ratio, to the valve-operating rod communicating with the master cylinder. In another embodiment, the second force transmitting member carries the applied force until the force required to move the valve-operating rod is greater than a resilient member whereupon the resilient member collapses permitting the applied force to be transmitted through the first force transmitting member.

United States Patent Attorneys-William N. Antonis and Plante, Arens, Hartz,

[72] Inventor Maxwell L. Cripe South Bend, Ind. Smith and Thompson [21] Appl. No. 23,533 [22] Filed Mar. 30, 1970 [45] patented Jan. 11, 1972 ABSTRACT: A brake-activating apparatus, allowing a dual [73] Assignee The Bendix Corporation lever ratio for applying a force from the brake pedal to a valve-operating rod of a power booster WhICh communicates with the master cylinder. A brake-activating lever arm is [54] DUAL LEVER RATIO BRAKE ACTIVAT NG pivotally secured to a vehicle. A pivot pin carrying a first force APPARATUS transmitting member is located at a fixed distance from the 7 Cl i 6 D i Fi end of the lever arm. A yoke member, attached to the lever arm at a different fixed distance from the end, is connected to [52] US. Cl 60/54.6 P, a vacuum chamber housing. A diaphragm contained within I t Cl 1/ 1 74/518 the vacuum chamber is secured to a second force transmitting n member. The p i g rod for a power booster 50 M is h Flsb 13/10 605g 1/04 municating with the master cylinder has a bored chamber to 1e care 9l/39l, 391 receive the first transmitting member and a U shaped member /54'6 74/517 518 surrounding the chamber to secure the second transmitting I561 iiifiiniitl ilrillfi fii211 ",lfil ifnfi liifliiifiini UNITED STATES PATENTS member as long as the pressure differential retains the 3,334,548 8/1967 Van House 91/391 A diaphragm member in a fixed position. if the diaphragm 2,755,391 7/1 L lle l- 1/391 A member is free to move, the first transmitting member con- 2,706,020 4/1955 Freers et al.

91/391 A tacts the end of the bored chamber and transfers the applied 2,910,147 1959 i h hl r e P force from the lever arm, at a different ratio, to the valve- 3.263,423 6 H1ghley- 1 A operating rod communicating with the master cylinder. ln 3,063,427 11/1962 Hill 91/391 A nother embodiment, the second force transmitting member 3,338,348 8/1967 Roethlesberger et al. 91/391 A carries the applied force until the force required to move the primary Examine, Martin Schwadron valve-operating rod is greater than a resilient member whereupen the resilient member collapses permitting the applied force to be transmitted through the first force transmitting 1959 1295,

l w 8 /56 K PATENTEIJ .mu 1 m2 3,633,366

sum 1 OF 3 IN TA K E MAN/FOLD 7'0 MASTER C'YL INDER INVENTOR. MAXWELL L. CR/PE ATTORNEYS PATENTED JAN] 1 I972 SHEET 2 OF 3 4 INVEN TOR. MAXWELL L. CR/P/S BY fiMZ f Z JV ATTORNEYS 1 DUAL LEVER RATIO BRAKE ACTIVATING APPARATUS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the connection of brake-activating lever and a valve-operating rod of a power booster which transmits a force to a master cylinder.

In the prior art it is known to supply a master cylinder with a power booster activated by a pedal to aid in the application of brakes of a vehicle.

With power available, the pedal pressure needed to activate the master cylinder by the power booster is very slight. If the power available fails, however, because of the position of the activating rod on the pedal arm, it is necessary to apply a large pedal force to assure activation of the master cylinder.

Several attempts have been made to develop a brake system with a dual ratio lever arm so that in the event of power failure the applied force is transmitted to the master cylinder at a different ratio, i.e., by toggle linkage, as shown by U.S. Pat. No. 3,l42,l99, by levers and a diaphragm positioned roller, as shown by U.S. Pat. No. 3,263,428, and by a positioning slot on the pedal arm as shown by U.S. Pat. No. 3,063,427. The main disadvantage of the prior art construction is the numerous parts needed to construct the brake device to produce a varied pedal force supplied to the activating rod.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a simple constructed dual ratio brake activator which supplied a different pressure to a power brake booster when vacuum is available than when it is not.

It is another object of the invention to automatically change the location of the applied force on the activating lever in response to the force needed to energize the master cylinder.

It is another object of the invention to sense the loss of vacuum power in the vehicle and automatically permit the force applied by the activating lever to be transmitted through a different leverage point which allows the operator improved mechanical assist in applying the brakes.

It is a further object to provide a control mechanism, located on a pivotally fixed activating lever, which moves in a greater are around said fixed pivot point than a first force transmitting means on said lever, and which senses the amount of force needed to activate the master cylinder and automatically transmit this applied force to the master cylinder mechanism through the proper connection.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a horizontal view of a dual position brake-activating mechanism;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of a second embodiment of the invention which utilizes a vacuum control means for the dual position brake-activating mechanism;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 33 ofFIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the brake-activating mechanism of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a third embodiment of the invention which is vacuum controlled and hydraulically operated; and

FIG. 6 is a fourth embodiment of the invention which is resiliently controlled and hydraulically operated.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS The dual ratio brake-activating apparatus shown in FIG. 1 generally comprises brake-activating means 8 formed by a lever arm 10, one end of which is pivotally fixed by pin 12. A first force transmitting means 14 is pivotally secured to lever arm by pin 16, a first predetermined distance from pin 12, and a second force transmitting means 18 is pivotally secured to lever arm 10 by pin 20, a second greater predetermined distance from pin l2.

The first and second force transmitting means 14 and 18, respectively are joined to communicating means 43 for actuating a brake booster (not shown) which energizes a master cylinder (not shown) of a braking system.

The first force transmitting means 14 consists of pushrod 22 with an annular bearing member 24 surrounding pin 16.

The second force transmitting means 18 consists of push rod member 26 having a small diameter stem 28 surrounded by spring 30, carrying retainer 32 which abuts wall 34. Wall 34 is formed by making one end of the pushrod member 26 of a larger diameter 36. An annular bearing member 38 is secured at the large diameter end 36 of the pushrod member 26 and is attached to lever 10 by pin 20.

The communicating means 43 includes an actuating rod 44 for moving the control valve (not shown) of the power booster. The actuating rod 44 has a ball member 46 which projects into the power booster (not shown), for operating the control valve of the pressure intensifying unit. The other end of rod 44 has a large diameter with a bored cylinder 48 to receive pushrod 22. A plate member 50 is fixed on the rod 44, where the change in diameter occurs to receive and transfer the force from the second force transmitting means 18. The plate member 50, with spring retaining ring 52 and axial opening 54, is positioned at approximately to the bored cylinder 48. The spring 30 surrounding stem 28 of push rod 26 is compressed to allow the stem to be pushed through opening 154 and ball nut 40 is attached.

In the normal pedal released position, with spring 30 being retained by members 32 and 52, a slight gap 54 will occur between pushrod 22 and the bottom of cylinder 48.

When the lever arm 10 pivots about pin 12 due to an applied force from an operator, pushrod 26 will move faster than pushrod 22 because of its greater distance from the pivot point 12. With pushrod 26 moving faster, the force exerted on lever arm 10 will be transmitted through pushrod 26 by way of spring 30 to the actuating rod 44. This applied force will be transmitted through spring 30 until the pressure needed to actuate the master cylinder (not shown) is greater than the resilient force of spring 30, whereupon spring 30 will collapse and permit pushrod 22 to close gap 54 and abut the actuating rod 44. With gap 54 closed, the applied force will now be transmitted through pushrod 22. Since pushrod 22 is closer to the fixed pivot point 12 of lever arm 10 than pushrod 26, a better leverage is obtained to apply the brakes. By providing this dual position for transmitting the applied force, the force required to activate the master cylinder will have a better mechanical assist under a no power condition.

Throughout this specification, elements which are the same in each embodiment will be designated by a prime In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, vacuum powered means 56 is shown as the retaining force for the second force transmitting means 19. This vacuum power means is substituted for the spring 30 of FIG. 1. When the vehicle is running, a high vacuum is produced by the engine manifold A. This vacuum is connected to a power intensifying unit B, ofa type shown in my U.S. Pat. No. 3,321,916, and to the vacuum power means 56 shown in FIG. 2. As long as vacuum is supplied to the intensifying unit B, power is available to aid in energizing the master cylinder. As long as the intensifying unit aids in moving the piston in the master cylinder (not shown), the point of application on the lever arm 10 can be relatively close to the pedal since very little force need be applied by the operator of the vehicle. In case of vacuum failure, the force needed to be supplied through the pedal is very great unless the point of application can be shifted in order to obtain a better mechanical advantage.

The FIG. 2 embodiment generally comprises: a power boost means wherein the communicating means 43' has an actuating rod 44' with successively larger diameters 62, 64 and 66. A ball 46' is attached to the smallest diameter end 62 of the rod 44' while the largest diameter end 66 of the rod 44' contains a bored cylinder 48'. A U-shaped plate member 68 with pin 70 is rigidly attached to rod 44' at approximately 90 angle.

The brake-activating means 8 is made up of a lever arm 10' pivotally attached by pin 12 and moved by a force applied to pedal 72, as shown in FIG. 4. A first force transmitting means 14 is pivotally secured to lever arm 10 a first fixed distance from pin 12 and a second force transmitting means 19 is pivotally secured to lever arm 10 a second greater distance from pin 12. The second force transmitting means 19 consists of a vacuum powered means 56 attached to lever arm 10' by yoke member 58, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

The vacuum powered means 56 consists ofa shell 74, with a vacuum port 76 connected to an intake manifold A, a pushrod 88 attached to U-shaped member 68 by pin 70 and slidable in sleever 78, said pushrod 88 being sealed in said sleeve 78 by sealing ring 79, a diaphragm backing plate 81, a diaphragm member 80 sealing the open side of the shell 74 and retained on pushrod 88 by means 90. The shell 74 is secured on yoke 58 by tabs 84 on the sleeve 78. The sleeve has a tubular projection 86 which extends into the vacuum chamber 82 formed by the shell 74 and diaphragm 80.

Similarly, as disclosed in conjunction with the embodiment of FIG. 1, the second force transmitting means 19 because of its location on lever arm 10 will move in its arc around pin 12' faster and further than the first force transmitting means 14'.

When vacuum is supplied to the chamber 82, the diaphragm 80 is held against the projection 86 of the sleeve 78. Since the diaphragm 80 is rigidly attached to the pushrod 88, the force applied to lever arm 10 is transmitted through it to the actuating rod 44'. When vacuum is unavailable in chamber 82, the diaphragm 80 will separate from the sleeve 78 allowing the pushrod 88 to slide within the sleeve. With the second force transmitting means 19 free to move, any applied force will now be transmitted through the first force transmitting means 14 rigidly held by pin 16' on lever arm 10. With the automatic shift in the point of application of applied force a better mechanical advantage is obtained.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the second force transmitting means 191 is responsive to the movement of a hydraulic piston operated by a vacuum control member attached to the yoke 58.

The vacuum control unit 92 includes a housing 94, having a hydraulic chamber 96 containing a piston member 98 therein, said piston member 98 being attached to pushrod 88, a spring 100, and a fluid reservoir 102 with one-way valve means 163 opening to hydraulic chamber 96. A valve chamber 104 is connectedto said reservoir 102 and hydraulic chamber 96, and a valve rod 106 of valve means 108 is operatively carried in said valve chamber 104. A shell 109 is sealably secured to the portion of the housing which surrounds said valve chamber 104, and diaphragm means 112 are retained on the open side of shell 109 to form a vacuum chamber 110, said diaphragm means 112 being secured to valve rod 106 to operate valve means 108. Vacuum means 114 which is operatively connected to a manifold of a vehicle to receive the same vacuum which is supplied to a pressure intensifying unit (not shown) is utilized to control the valve member 108 of the control member 92.

With vacuum available, the vacuum control member 92 controls the application of the applied force through the transmitting means 19' as follows: With vacuum in chamber 110, the pressure differential across the diaphragm means 112 causes the valve rod 106 and valve means 108 to move towards the left until the valve engages valve seat 111. When the valve means 108 is seated, communication between the hydraulic chamber 96 and the reservoir 102 is prevented. The hydraulic chamber 96 is now closed and piston member 98 is frozen in its position against the forward wall of the chamber. Upon application of the brakes, the piston member with attached rod 88' pinned to U-shaped member 68 will transmit the applied pressure from the tandem lever arms 10 to the ac tuating rod 44 of the communicating means.

Conversely. when vacuum is unavailable to vacuum chamber 110, the valve means 108 will be unseated, as shown in FIG. 5. With valve means 108 unsealed, fluid will be allowed to pass freely from the hydraulic chamber 96 to the reservoir by passageway 113 upon movement of the piston member 98. When a force is now applied through lever arm 10, the piston member 98 will compress spring permitting the pushrod 88' to move in sleeve 99. With spring 100 in a collapsed state, the applied force will automatically be transferred through the first force transmitting means 14 to the communicating means, as described in the embodiment of FIG. 2, whereby greater leverage is obtained in supplying the force needed to activate the master cylinder.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the communicating means 243 resiliently controls a hydraulic piston to vary the location of the applied force on the lever arm 10'. The communication means 243includes a housing having cylindrical bored chambers 136 and 152, with chamber 152 being stepped, and a parallel side projection 158 containing a hydraulic chamber 132 with a piston member 134 resiliently sealed therein. The piston member 134 receives pushrod 135 of the second force transmitting means 18' while chamber 136 receives pushrod 22' of the first force transmitting means 14. The housing also includes a hydraulic fluid reservoir 138, a control chamber 148 perpendicular to the bottom of stepped chamber 152, passageways 146 and 147 whereby fluid from the reservoir can pass to the control chamber 148 and into the hydraulic chamber 132. A ball valve is located in the control chamber and is biased against seat member 141 by spring 144. A valve-actuating rod 244 is sealed in stepped bore 152 by ring 248, and fixed in said bore 152 by a retainer 156 on the actuating rod 244. A spring 154 surrounds actuating rod 244 and is located in the stepped portion of chamber 152 to resiliently bias retainer 156 against stop ring 157.

In normal operation, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, control chamber 148 and hydraulic chamber 132 will contain hydraulic fluid. When the brake pedal is applied, similarly as described in the embodiments above, the force will be transmitted through pushrod 135 because it travels faster in the are around pivot 12 than pushrod 22. The force from the pushrod 135 will act on the piston member 134 which in turn will act on the hydraulic fluid in the system to aid spring 144 in seating ball valve 140 and freeze piston 134 in its original position in the hydraulic chamber 132. The applied force will be transmitted through the second force transmitting means 18' until the pressure needed to move actuating rod 244 is greater than the resilient force of spring 154. When the activating force exceeds the resilient force in spring 154, it will collapse permitting actuating rod 244 to move in cylinder 152. Movement of actuating rod 244 will push ball valve 140 off seat 141 permitting the hydraulic fluid under pressure to escape into the reservoir 138. With the hydraulic passage from chamber 132 to reservoir 138 now opened, spring 160 collapses closing the gap 254 between pushrod 22 and the bottom of bore 136. The applied force is now transmitted directly from the brake pedal through the first force transmitting means 14' to the communicating means 243 with added leverage due to the different positions of the first and second transmitting means 14 and 18 respectively, on the lever arm 10"from the brake pedal.

When the applied force through lever arm 10 is released, spring 160 biases piston 134 against stop 159. The movement of piston 134 by spring 160 causes a vacuum force in the hydraulic chamber 132 to draw fluid from the control chamber 148. Spring 144 is designed to permit ball 140 to be unseated from chamber 141 whenever fluid is drawn from chamber 140 to allow reservoir 138 to replenish the evacuated fluid in the hydraulic system. Thereby communicating means 243 is placed in a ready condition for the next brake application.

As shown in the above-described embodiments utilizing my invention, 1 have invented a brake-activating apparatus having the ability to automatically change the point of application of an applied force to correspond to the force needed to energize the master cylinder. While the embodiments of the present invention as herein disclosed are preferred, it is understood that other forms may be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates. Accordingly, I do not wish to be limited by this description but rather by the scope of the ap pended claims.

lclaim:

1. A brake-activating mechanism comprising:

valve-operating means operatively connected to a power booster for a master cylinder;

lever means controlled by an operator;

first force transmitting means pivotally connected to said lever means and operatively connected to said valveoperating means for transmitting a first force to said valve-operating means, said first force resulting from movement of said lever means by said operator;

second force transmitting means pivotally connected to said lever means at a predetermined distance from the pivotal connection of said first force transmitting means and directly connected to said valve operating means for transmitting a second force to said valve-operating means, said second force resulting from movement of said lever means by said operator; and

means for maintaining a nonforce transmitting relationship between said first force transmitting means and said valve-operating means having a resilient member connected to said valve-operating means and said second force transmitting means, said resilient member biasing said second force transmitting means toward said lever means thereby causing a break in the connection between said first force transmitting means and said valve-operating means, said second force transmitting means being operative to transmit said second force to said valveoperating means through said resilient member until the force required to operate said valve-operating means overcomes said resilient member and permits said first force transmitting means to move and close the connection between said first transmitting means and said valveoperating means whereupon further movement of said lever means by said operator causes said first force transmitting means to transmit said first force to said valve operating means, said first force being of a greater magnitude than said second force for a given operator applied force on said lever means.

2. The brake-activating mechanism, as recited in claim 1,

wherein said valve-operating means includes:

a housing containing a cylindrical bore for receiving a pushrod from said first force transmitting means for transferring said first force; and

side projection means having an axial bore for receiving said second force from said second force transmitting means.

3. The brake-activating mechanism, as recited in claim 2,

wherein said side projection means includes:

a hydraulic chamber connected to a reservoir; and

piston means within said hydraulic chamber biased by said resilient member toward said second force transmitting means, said piston means being retained in the biased location by closing the connection to said reservoir.

4. The brake-activating mechanism, as recited in claim 3,

wherein said housing includes:

wherein said second force transmitting means includes:

a pushrod member connected to said piston means for transmitting said second force until the force required to operate said valve-operating means overcomes said resilient member thereby permitting said actuating rod to move in said stepped bore to unseat said valve means and allow the fluid in said hydraulic chamber to pass into said reservoir to free said piston means, said piston means upon being free to move permitting the applied force to be automatically transmitted through said first force transmitting means.

6. The brake-activating mechanism as recited in claim 4,

wherein said lever means includes:

a lever arm having one end pivotally fixed;

a first pivot pin located on said lever arm a first predetermined distance from said one end, said first pivot pin carrying said first force transmitting means;

a second pivot pin on said lever arm a second predetermined distance farther than said first pivot pin from said one end, said second pivot pin being attached to said second force transmitting means; and

a brake pedal secured to the other end of said lever for receiving the applied force of an operator.

7. The brake-activating mechanism, as recited in claim 6,

wherein said second force transmitting means includes:

a pushrod attached to said second pivot pin; and means on said pushrod for retaining said resilient member in a biasing condition with said side projection for permitting said second force to be transmitted from said operator controlled lever means through said resilient member to said valve-operating means. 

1. A brake-activating mechanism comprising: valve-operating means operatively connected to a power booster for a master cylinder; lever means controlled by an operator; first force transmitting means pivotally connected to said lever means and operatively connected to said valve-operating means for transmitting a first force to said valve-operating means, said first force resulting from movement of said lever means by said operator; second force transmitting means pivotally connected to said lever means at a predetermined distance from the pivotal connection of said first force transmitting means and directly connected to said valve operating means for transmitting a second force to said valvE-operating means, said second force resulting from movement of said lever means by said operator; and means for maintaining a nonforce transmitting relationship between said first force transmitting means and said valveoperating means having a resilient member connected to said valve-operating means and said second force transmitting means, said resilient member biasing said second force transmitting means toward said lever means thereby causing a break in the connection between said first force transmitting means and said valve-operating means, said second force transmitting means being operative to transmit said second force to said valveoperating means through said resilient member until the force required to operate said valve-operating means overcomes said resilient member and permits said first force transmitting means to move and close the connection between said first transmitting means and said valve-operating means whereupon further movement of said lever means by said operator causes said first force transmitting means to transmit said first force to said valve operating means, said first force being of a greater magnitude than said second force for a given operator applied force on said lever means.
 2. The brake-activating mechanism, as recited in claim 1, wherein said valve-operating means includes: a housing containing a cylindrical bore for receiving a pushrod from said first force transmitting means for transferring said first force; and side projection means having an axial bore for receiving said second force from said second force transmitting means.
 3. The brake-activating mechanism, as recited in claim 2, wherein said side projection means includes: a hydraulic chamber connected to a reservoir; and piston means within said hydraulic chamber biased by said resilient member toward said second force transmitting means, said piston means being retained in the biased location by closing the connection to said reservoir.
 4. The brake-activating mechanism, as recited in claim 3, wherein said housing includes: a cylindrical stepped bore for receiving a slidable actuating rod from said valve-operating means, a second resilient member being contained within said stepped bore for biasing said actuating rod toward said valve-operating means; and valve means in said housing adjacent said stepped bore responsive to said actuating rod for controlling fluid flow from said reservoir to said hydraulic chamber.
 5. The brake-activating mechanism as recited in claim 4, wherein said second force transmitting means includes: a pushrod member connected to said piston means for transmitting said second force until the force required to operate said valve-operating means overcomes said resilient member thereby permitting said actuating rod to move in said stepped bore to unseat said valve means and allow the fluid in said hydraulic chamber to pass into said reservoir to free said piston means, said piston means upon being free to move permitting the applied force to be automatically transmitted through said first force transmitting means.
 6. The brake-activating mechanism as recited in claim 4, wherein said lever means includes: a lever arm having one end pivotally fixed; a first pivot pin located on said lever arm a first predetermined distance from said one end, said first pivot pin carrying said first force transmitting means; a second pivot pin on said lever arm a second predetermined distance farther than said first pivot pin from said one end, said second pivot pin being attached to said second force transmitting means; and a brake pedal secured to the other end of said lever for receiving the applied force of an operator.
 7. The brake-activating mechanism, as recited in claim 6, wherein said second force transmitting means includes: a pushrod attached to said second pivot pin; and means on said pushrod for retaining said resilient member in a biasing condition with said side projectiOn for permitting said second force to be transmitted from said operator controlled lever means through said resilient member to said valve-operating means. 